While unknown by many, this breed is one of the oldest on the planet. The Xoloitzcuintli is the ancient Aztec dog of the gods. Ancient people used the dogs as a heating pad. Pre Aztec engravings show the dog’s presence dating back over 4000 years. They have been found in the tombs of royalty. These dogs were believed to have mystical healing powers, and even today in secluded areas of Mexico and South America, this dog is still treated like royalty. To this day, Xolos are considered a national treasure in Mexico. It’s also the only dog who’s name begins with X.
The name Xoloitzcuintli is ancient Aztec. Xolo translates to the Aztec god of the underworld while Itzcuintli simply translates to “dog”.
You can also call them Xolo’s (show-lo) or just the Mexican Hairless dog. 
The Xolo was one of the first breeds registered by the AKC in 1897. However, the breed dropped so much in popularity that they nearly went extinct and were taken off the AKC registers in 1959. They have bounced back thanks to the artwork of artists Frida Kaelo and Diego Rivera. By 2011 the dogs were readmitted onto the AKC registry.
The alert and loyal Xolo comes in three sizes, and in either hairless or coated varieties. One in 5 Xolo puppies is born with hair, as the hairlessness is a recessive trait. However, they usually have very little hair – primarily on the top of their head, on their back, and on their tail.
These dogs unfortunately have significant health issues ranging from skin issues to hypothyroidism. They are prone to skin infections. Overbathing will cause them to dry out and do more damage. They are also prone to ulcers, lumps, bumps, and acne. Their skin is so sensitive, they require sunscreen. They will do well in a warm client but should never be left in the sun for too long as they can burn easily. They are also prone to staph infections. The dogs that have a minimal amount of hair are going to be more prone to skin issues than the completely hairless varieties due to the open hair follicles. There are acne cleansers that can help keep the hair follicles clean. It is recommended to use a natural oil such as coconut or vitamin E oil to help keep their skin from drying out. They will not do well in a cold environment and need sweaters if you have them in a northern area.
They can be prone to heart issues and Von Willebrand’s Disease and they should be health tested by responsible breeders.
Xolos are very sensitive to harsh training techniques and will cower easily. It’s important to use a lot of positive reinforcement and build their confidence early with healthy socialization.
They are not great with small children and can be snappy due to their sensitive nature. When socialized well, they will do fine with other dogs and pets. This is a dog that prefers to be spoiled and spend it’s time indoors with their humans. A regular walk once a day will be fine for exercise. They don’t need a lot of exercise, but regular room to move around is important. They will bark to alert you of intruders and
can make wonderful guard dogs. This may make them challenging dogs to have in an apartment. They read humans well and make wonderful service dogs. They are very intelligent and strong willed and require a lot of consistent training. They will get destructive if they are not challenged and consistently trained. They thrive with routine.
Their loyalty is nearly unmatchable. These dogs have a special way of connecting deeply with their humans. Their reputation for being a spiritual dog and a healer comes from a very deep place that is unlike most other dogs. If you choose to have one, your life will never be the same – from the looks you get on the street to the love you get behind closed doors.